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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Molecular replacement ： ウィキペディア英語版 Molecular replacement Molecular replacement〔Ch 10 in "Principles of Protein X-ray Crystallography", by Jan Drenth (2nd Edn.) Springer, 1999〕 (or MR) is a method of solving the phase problem in X-ray crystallography. MR relies upon the existence of a previously solved protein structure which is homologous (similar) to our unknown structure from which the diffraction data is derived. The first goal of the crystallographer is to obtain an electron density map, density being related with diffracted wave as follows: $\backslash rho(x,y,z)=\backslash frac\backslash sum\_h\backslash sum\_k\backslash sum\_l|F\_|\backslash exp(2\backslash pi\; i(hx+ky+lz)+i\backslash Phi(hkl)).$ With usual detectors the intensity $I=F\backslash cdot\; F^$ * is being measured, so all the information about phase ($\backslash Phi$) is lost. Then, in the absence of phases (Φ), we are unable to complete the shown Fourier transform relating the experimental data from X-ray crystallography (in reciprocal space) to real-space electron density, into which the atomic model is built. MR tries to find the model which fits best experimental intensities among known structures. ==Principles of Patterson-based molecular replacement== However, we can derive a Patterson map, which is an interatomic vector map created by squaring the structure factor amplitudes and setting all phases to zero. This vector map contains a peak for each atom related to every other atom, with a large peak at 0,0,0, where vectors relating atoms to themselves "pile up". Such a map is far too noisy to derive any high resolution structural information—however if we generate Patterson maps for the data derived from our unknown structure, and from the structure of a previously solved homologue, in the correct orientation and position within the unit cell, the two Patterson maps should be closely correlated. This principle lies at the heart of MR, and can allow us to infer information about the orientation and location of an unknown molecule with its unit cell. Due to historic limitations in computing power, an MR search is typically divided into two steps: rotation and translation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Molecular replacement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.